Renaissance-Era Object Sparks a Cross-Campus Collaboration

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Matthew Zimmerman prepares Maria Magdalena's book of hours for digitization

Matthew Zimmerman prepares Maria Magdalena's book of hours for digitization in the Libraries Digitization Lab

How Research, Conservation, and Digitization Prepare a Rare Book for Exhibition

Two years ago, while researching illuminated manuscripts in Rauner Special Collections Library, Elizabeth Rice Mattison happened upon something she describes as extraordinary. Mattison, the Andrew W. Mellon Curator of Academic Programming and Curator of European Art at the Hood Museum of Art, was searching for notable pigment examples when an object caught her eye. Instead of a typical 16th-17th-century book of hours with ecstatic blues, Mattison found a rather unconventional one. Spurred by her curiosity and enthusiasm, this book of hours became pivotal in planning an upcoming exhibition, ultimately leading her to Dartmouth Libraries Collection Management & Preservation department's Conservation Lab.

My investigation into Maria Magdalena’s prayer book wouldn’t have begun without the incredible access that Rauner Library’s staff offer our community, making great works of art widely accessible for future investigation.

Elizabeth Rice Mattison, Andrew W. Mellon Curator of Academic Programming and Curator of European Art at the Hood Museum

An Attention-Grabbing Artifact

The book of hours that caught Mattison's eye breaks from tradition. It is a book of hours and an album amicorum, or friendship book; an exceedingly rare combination. Books of hours are known for vibrant illustrations paired with set prayer texts, read at intervals throughout the day. Friendship books are more secular and personal, chronicling individuals’ familial, political, professional, and scholarly connections across their lives. This paired one belonged to Archduchess Maria Magdalena, a member of the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty who married Cosimo II de’ Medici in 1608. Her book of hours reveals a world of nobility and artistic patronage, and for Mattison, it raised broader questions about drawings as cultural objects.

Wierix's drawing of the Crucifixion inside Maria Magdalena's book of hours

The Wierix drawing of the Crucifixion from Maria Magdalena's book of hours

One specific drawing among the 28 in Maria Magdalena's book became a point of focus for Mattison. Shown above, the Crucifixion is by Johannes Wierix, a master 16th-17th-century Flemish engraver and draftsman. Mattison, who specializes in Netherlandish art, was excited about this discovery as he was a “significant” artist “whose drawings are rare and important.”

When she first encountered Maria Magdalena's book of hours, Mattison was in the early stages of developing an exhibition to showcase early modern drawings from the Hood Museum’s collection. The drawings in Maria Magdalena's book seemed like a natural—and essential—addition that would enrich her planned show.

Behind-the-Scenes Expertise

Before Mattison could include this book in her upcoming exhibition, it needed professional care to prepare it. With museum colleagues previously collaborating with the Libraries' Collection Management & Preservation team to prepare other paper-based objects for teaching and exhibiting, Mattison knew these were the experts to contact. “We’re lucky to work on a campus with vast and diverse expertise. To be able to speak with specialists in paper conservation and binding is essential to the project of fully researching and learning about a work of art,” adds Mattison. 

images from Maria Magdalena's book of hours displayed on a computer screen

Ryland Ianelli processes images from Maria Magdalena's book of hours in the Libraries Digitization Lab

The team's approach was twofold. First, they assessed the bindings' stability to ensure the book could be displayed open without causing damage. During the assessment, they also noticed that several drawings required re-adhesion and minor paper mends, which were meticulously fixed. 

The second stage, currently in progress, involves digitizing the book of hours. Mattison considered how the book has two volumes, but you can only see two pages at a time when it’s on display. With a digital supplement, museum visitors can browse through the book’s contents alongside the physical object. To prepare and undertake the extensive photography required, the team enlisted Ryland Ianelli, Still Images Digitization Specialist at the Libraries. Once ready, the digital version of Maria Magdalena's book of hours will be available to everyone to explore the world contained within. 

The conservators at Dartmouth Libraries approach books as more than just vessels for information but also as historical objects that collect meaning over time through those who make, own, and use them. It’s hard to think of a better example of this than Maria Magdalena’s book of hours.

Elena Cordova, Head of Collection Management & Preservation

Why This Book of Hours

A work like Maria Magdalena’s book of hours has many interdisciplinary applications. The notes and signatures visible on the backs of the drawings, as an example, reveal a deeply personal side of a far-flung familial network of European nobility in the early 17th century. 

Wierix's miniature scene of the Crucifixion in pen provides a clear example. The notation on the back of the drawing tells us that Maria Magdalena's uncle in Brussels, Archduke Ernest of Austria, sent the illustration to her in Graz. She most likely received this drawing at the age of six, not long before her uncle died in 1595. Through her collected artworks, many (like the Wierix drawing) saved from childhood and added later to her book of hours, we can chart her most intimate connections and glimpse who Maria Magdalena was.

artwork from inside Maria Magdalena's book of hours

Artwork contained in Maria Magdalena's book of hours

Her “collection” of art suggests these works were intimate reminders of the individuals who gave them to her. Mattison adds that Maria Magdalena's relationships are “given material form by the drawings themselves, often accompanied by beautiful notes, like 'Pray for me,' or 'Keep me in your thoughts,' or 'I love you.'” 

Mattison continues, “The drawings’ signatures tell us there is really great affection between all of these relations, most of whom are Habsburg family members...the Medicis, the Gonzagas... The notes give a sense of intimacy across what would have been vast geographic distances in this period, and the drawings are a kind of permeable way of traversing that distance.”

Fruitful Collaborations

Reflecting on the process—from discovery to research to preservation and digitization—thus far in preparing the exhibition, Mattison shares, “Our research never happens in a vacuum, but rather it grows out of a series of conversations.” She has found the Libraries' and Hood Museum’s cross-campus partnership to be “an especially fruitful one.” She adds, “Any work is better when it emerges from collaborative effort and sharing of resources, so I’m really delighted that the Libraries’ teams have been so game to join me on this investigation of drawings at Dartmouth.”

Elena Cordova, Head of Collection Management & Preservation, extends that sentiment. “Technical expertise coupled with a reverence for material culture is what drives the conservation program at Dartmouth Libraries. It’s why our partnership with the Hood feels so natural.” 

red velvet cover of Maria Magdalena's book of hours with another inside view of artwork on the right

From left, the cover of Maria Magdalena's book of hours and view of the digitization process

Mattison emphasizes how lucky Dartmouth is to have access to two great collections in the Hood Museum and Dartmouth Libraries. She is excited about highlighting Maria Magdalena’s book of hours, “joining the strengths of our two holdings.” Mattison believes this unconventional book will encourage viewers to answer the questions her exhibition poses and show how Maria Magdalena's drawings are not only “precious collectibles” but also “intimate familial connectors across space and across time.” 

Mattison’s exhibition comes to life in March 2027 at the Hood Museum of Art. Titled Drawing Taught in All Its Branches, her selection of works will be a delight for art lovers, curious viewers, romantics, historians, and classicists alike. 

 

 

 

*Thanks to Matthew Zimmerman, Assistant Conservator, for contributing to the writing of this story and for the images.

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